CCIE实验笔记之第4章 RIP 之一
[size=2][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000]第 4 章[/color][/font][/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][color=#000000]距离矢量路由协议[/color][/size][/font][/size][font=Times New Roman][size=2][size=10.5pt]RIP V1 and V2[/size][size=10.5pt][/size][/size][/font][size=2][font=宋体]本章内容包括[/font][font=Times New Roman]RIP[/font][font=宋体]路由协议的[/font][font=Times New Roman]Version 1 and Version 2[/font][font=宋体]的概述和配置[/font][/size]
[size=2][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]4.1
[/size][/font][size=10.5pt]RIP[/size][/color][/size][size=2][font=黑体][size=10.5pt]协议概述[/size][/font]
[size=10.5pt][/size][/size][size=2][font=Times New Roman]RIP[/font][font=宋体]工作在[/font][font=Times New Roman]UDP[/font][font=宋体]的[/font][font=Times New Roman]520[/font][font=宋体]端口上，以跳数为度量，工作过程如下：[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=Times New Roman]1.
[/font][b][font=宋体]初始化[/font][/b][font=宋体] 每个参与工作的接口发送请求数据包（[/font][font=Times New Roman]Request Message[/font][font=宋体]），向所有[/font][font=Times New Roman]RIP router[/font][font=宋体]请求一份完整的路由表，以广播形式发出。[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=Times New Roman]2.
[/font][b][font=宋体]接收请示 [/font][/b][font=Times New Roman]RIP[/font][font=宋体]有两种类型消息，响应和接收消息。[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=Times New Roman]3.
[/font][b][font=宋体]接收到响应 [/font][/b][font=宋体]接收并处理响应，对路由表进行添加、删除[/font][font=Times New Roman]or [/font][font=宋体]修改。[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=Times New Roman]4.
[/font][b][font=宋体]常规路由更新和定时器 [/font][/b][font=宋体]每[/font][font=Times New Roman]30s[/font][font=宋体]以应答消息的形式发送一个完整路由表到[/font][font=Times New Roman]neighbors[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman]Router[/font][font=宋体]收到后设置一个[/font][font=Times New Roman]180s[/font][font=宋体]的超时计时器（[/font][font=Times New Roman]Timeout
Timer[/font][font=宋体]），[/font][font=Times New Roman]Cisco[/font][font=宋体]称为[/font][font=Times New Roman]Invalid Timer[/font][font=宋体]。如果在[/font][font=Times New Roman]180s[/font][font=宋体]内没有任何更新消息，则将跳数置为[/font][font=Times New Roman]16[/font][font=宋体]（不可达），并宣告。直[/font][font=Times New Roman]240s[/font][font=宋体]后刷新计时器（[/font][font=Times New Roman]Flush Timer[/font][font=宋体]）将其删除。[/font][font=Times New Roman]Cisco[/font][font=宋体]还使用了第三种计时器抑制计时器（[/font][font=Times New Roman]Holddown Timer[/font][font=宋体]），[/font][font=Times New Roman]Router[/font][font=宋体]接收到度量更高的路由后的[/font][font=Times New Roman]180s[/font][font=宋体]内不会用使用接收到的路由更新路由表，为收敛提供额外时间。[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=Times New Roman]5.
[/font][b][font=宋体]触发路由更新 [/font][/b][font=宋体]中发送与变更的路由。[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] [/size][/font]
[size=2][font=宋体]各种计时器可以使用下面的命令进行修改：[b] [/b][/font][b][/b][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2][b]Timer basic[/b][i]update invalid holddown flush[/i].[/size][/font]
[size=2][size=10.5pt][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000]4.1.1
[/color][/font][/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][color=#000000]有类路由（[/color][/size][/font][/size][size=2][size=10.5pt][font=Times New Roman]RIP V1[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]）[/size][/font]
[size=10.5pt][/size][/size][size=2][font=Wingdings]l
[/font][font=Times New Roman]RIP-1[/font][font=宋体]在路由宣告中不携带子网掩码。[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=Wingdings]l
[/font][font=Times New Roman]RIP-1[/font][font=宋体]使用接收路由的接口的掩码来确定目的网络的掩码。[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=Wingdings]l
[/font][font=宋体]如果不是直连网络，且不是同一个主网络，则会用其主网络地址进行匹配，有子网则进行汇总。[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=宋体]图[/font][font=Times New Roman]4-1 [/font][font=宋体]是一个[/font][font=Times New Roman]RIP[/font][font=宋体]路由的网络图，在每台路由器是配置一个[/font][font=Times New Roman]loopback[/font][font=宋体]接口模拟网络。[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=宋体]图[/font][font=Times New Roman]4-1 RIP[/font][font=宋体]路由例子[/font][/size]
[size=2]
[/size]
[size=2][/size]
[size=2][font=Times New Roman][img=550,268]http://www.cnfan.net/cisco/uploadfile/200707/20070703105954240.jpg[/img][/font][/size]
[size=2][font=Times New Roman]R1[/font][font=宋体]的[/font][font=Times New Roman]F0/0[/font][font=宋体]接口配置的[/font][font=Times New Roman]IP[/font][font=宋体]是[/font][font=Times New Roman]128.200.1.1/24[/font][font=宋体]，当接收到属于另一个主网络地址的路由更新信息时，则将主网络的掩码设置为汇总的网络地址。例[/font][font=Times New Roman]4-1[/font][font=宋体]所显示的是[/font][font=Times New Roman]RIP[/font][font=宋体]路由更新的信息。[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] [/size][/font]
[size=2][font=宋体]图[/font][font=Times New Roman]4-1 [/font][font=宋体]有类路由发送接收路由的[/font][font=Times New Roman]debug[/font][font=宋体]信息[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=Times New Roman]00:20:13: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via FastEthernet0/0 (128.200.1.1)[/font][font=宋体] [/font][/size]
[size=2][color=red][font=宋体]＜－以广播包发送[/font][/color][color=red][/color][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00:20:13: RIP: build update entries[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00:20:13:
network 128.1.0.0 metric 1[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00:20:13: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Loopback1 (128.200.11.1)[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00:20:13: RIP: build update entries[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00:20:13:
network 128.200.0.0 metric 1[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00:20:13:
network 192.16.1.0 metric 2[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00:20:20: RIP: received v1 update from 128.200.1.2 on FastEthernet0/0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00:20:20:
192.16.1.0 in 1 hops[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] [/size][/font]
[size=2][font=Times New Roman]R2[/font][font=宋体]有两个接口，一个接口配置的[/font][font=Times New Roman]IP[/font][font=宋体]是[/font][font=Times New Roman]128.200.1.2/24[/font][font=宋体]，掩码是[/font][font=Times New Roman]24[/font][font=宋体]位的，接收的路由信息将主网掩码设置为接口[/font][font=Times New Roman]F0/0[/font][font=宋体]的主网掩码。[/font][font=Times New Roman]F1/0[/font][font=宋体]接口的子网掩码是[/font][font=Times New Roman]30[/font][font=宋体]位的，当他从[/font][font=Times New Roman]F0/0[/font][font=宋体]接口接收到[/font][font=Times New Roman]128.200.1.0/24[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman]128.1.1.0/24[/font][font=宋体]这两个子网时，从[/font][font=Times New Roman]F1/0[/font][font=宋体]接口发送的时候则汇总为[/font][font=Times New Roman]128.200.0.0/16[/font][font=宋体]，例[/font][font=Times New Roman]4-2 [/font][font=宋体]是在路由器[/font][font=Times New Roman]R2[/font][font=宋体]上[/font][font=Times New Roman]debug ip rip[/font][font=宋体]获得的信息。[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=宋体]例[/font][font=Times New Roman]4-2 R2[/font][font=宋体]上[/font][font=Times New Roman]debug ip rip[/font][font=宋体]的信息[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00:43:57: RIP: received v1 update from 128.200.1.1 on FastEthernet0/0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00:43:57:
128.200.11.0 in 1 hops[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00:44:21: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via FastEthernet0/0 (128.200.1.2)[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00:44:21: RIP: build update entries[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00:44:21:
subnet 128.200.12.0 metric 1[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00:44:21:
network 192.16.1.0 metric 1[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00:44:21: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via FastEthernet1/0 (192.16.1.2)[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00:44:21: RIP: build update entries[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]00:44:21:
network 128.200.0.0 metric 1[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] [/size][/font]
[size=2][font=宋体]在[/font][font=Times New Roman]R3[/font][font=宋体]路由器是执行[/font][font=Times New Roman]show ip route[/font][font=宋体]的结果见例[/font][font=Times New Roman]4-3[/font][font=宋体]所示。[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=宋体]例[/font][font=Times New Roman]4-3 [/font][font=宋体]在[/font][font=Times New Roman]R3[/font][font=宋体]上执行[/font][font=Times New Roman]show ip route[/font][font=宋体]信息[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]R3#sho ip route[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area [/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
P - periodic downloaded static route[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] [/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]Gateway of last resort is not set[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2] [/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]R
128.200.0.0/16 [120/1] via 192.16.1.2, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
192.16.1.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]C
192.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]C
192.16.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]R3#[/size][/font]
[size=2][size=10.5pt][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000]4.1.2
[/color][/font][/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][color=#000000]无类路由（[/color][/size][/font][/size][size=2][size=10.5pt][font=Times New Roman]RIP V2[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]）[/size][/font]
[size=10.5pt][/size][/size][size=2][font=宋体]在[/font][font=Times New Roman]RIP-1[/font][font=宋体]基础上由[/font][font=Times New Roman]RFC1721[/font][font=宋体]、[/font][font=Times New Roman]1722[/font][font=宋体]、[/font][font=Times New Roman]1723[/font][font=宋体]进行扩充，增加功能：[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=Wingdings]l
[/font][font=宋体]支持[/font][font=Times New Roman]VLSM[/font][font=宋体]。[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=Wingdings]l
[/font][font=宋体]每一条路由条目携带下一跳地址[/font][/size]
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[/font][font=宋体]支持外部路由标签[/font][/size]
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[/font][font=宋体]多播路由更新[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=Wingdings]l
[/font][font=宋体]支持[/font][font=Times New Roman]MD5[/font][font=宋体]认证[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=Times New Roman]RIP-2[/font][font=宋体]对[/font][font=Times New Roman]RIP-1[/font][font=宋体]完全兼容，通过兼容交换机制和接收控制交换机制，可以控制路由器接收和发送的[/font][font=Times New Roman]RIP[/font][font=宋体]更新消息的类型。[/font][/size]
[font=宋体][size=2]使用下面命令手动进行配置交换机制：[/size][/font]
[size=2][font=Times New Roman]ip rip [send | receive] version [ 1[/font][font=宋体]｜[/font][font=Times New Roman]2[/font][font=宋体]｜[/font][font=Times New Roman]1[/font][font=宋体]｜[/font][font=Times New Roman]2 ][/font][/size]
[size=2][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]4.2
[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]RIP[/size][/font][/color][/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=2]的配置[/size][/size][/font][font=宋体][size=2]配置方法基本相同：[/size][/font]
[size=2][font=宋体]第[/font][font=Times New Roman]1[/font][font=宋体]步 启动[/font][font=Times New Roman]RIP[/font][font=宋体]，并指定[/font][font=Times New Roman]RIP[/font][font=宋体]版本号[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]router(config)#router rip [/font][/size]
[size=2][font=Times New Roman]
router(config-router)#version [i]version[/i][/font][font=宋体] （配置[/font][font=Times New Roman]Version2[/font][font=宋体]时使用）[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=宋体]第[/font][font=Times New Roman]2[/font][font=宋体]步 配置网络地址[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]router(config-router)#network [i]network_address[/i][/font][/size]
[size=2][font=Times New Roman]RIP-1[/font][font=宋体]配置实例见例[/font][font=Times New Roman]4-4 :[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=宋体]例[/font][font=Times New Roman]4-4 RIP-1[/font][font=宋体]的配置[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]hostname R1[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]![/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]router rip[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
network 128.1.0.0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
network 128.200.0.0[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=2]―――――――――――――――――――[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]hostname R2[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]![/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]router rip[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
network 128.200.0.0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]network 192.16.1.0[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=2]―――――――――――――――――――[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]hostname R3[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]![/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]router rip[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
network 192.16.1.0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2][color=#000000][size=10.5pt]4.2.1
[/size][size=10.5pt]RIP-2[/size][/color][/size][/font][size=2][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]的配置[/size][/font]
[size=10.5pt][/size][/size][size=2][font=宋体]把图[/font][font=Times New Roman]4-1[/font][font=宋体]的网络改为[/font][font=Times New Roman]RIP-2[/font][font=宋体]，在[/font][font=Times New Roman]R1[/font][font=宋体]上的[/font][font=Times New Roman]loopback1[/font][font=宋体]配置接收和发送[/font][font=Times New Roman]RIP-1 and RIP-2[/font][font=宋体]，但是在[/font][font=Times New Roman]F0/0[/font][font=宋体]上只接收和发送[/font][font=Times New Roman]RIP-2[/font][font=宋体]的信息。[/font][font=Times New Roman]R2[/font][font=宋体]和[/font][font=Times New Roman]R3[/font][font=宋体]配置为只接收和发送[/font][font=Times New Roman]RIP-2[/font][font=宋体]的信息。例[/font][font=Times New Roman]4-5[/font][font=宋体]显示配置信息。[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=宋体]例[/font][font=Times New Roman]4-5[/font][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]RIP-2[/font][font=宋体]配置信息[/font][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]hostname R1[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]![/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]interface Loopback1[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
ip address 128.200.11.1 255.255.255.0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
ip rip send version 1 2[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
ip rip receive version 1 2[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]![/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]interface FastEthernet0/0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
ip address 128.200.1.1 255.255.255.0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
ip rip send version 2[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
ip rip receive version 2[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
duplex auto[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
speed auto[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=2]！[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]router rip[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
version 2[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
network 128.1.0.0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
network 128.200.0.0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
no auto-summary[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=2]――――――――――――――――――――[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]hostname R2[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]![/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]interface Loopback1[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
ip address 128.200.12.1 255.255.255.0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]![/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]interface FastEthernet0/0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
ip address 128.200.1.2 255.255.255.0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
ip rip send version 2[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
ip rip receive version 2[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
duplex auto[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
speed auto[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=2]！[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]interface FastEthernet1/0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
ip address 192.16.1.2 255.255.255.252[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
ip rip send version 2[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
ip rip receive version 2[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
duplex auto[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
speed auto[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]![/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]router rip[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
version 2[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
network 128.200.0.0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
network 192.16.1.0[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=2]―――――――――――――――――――[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]hostname R3[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]![/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]interface Loopback1[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
ip address 192.16.3.1 255.255.255.0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]![/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]interface FastEthernet0/0[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
ip address 192.16.1.1 255.255.255.252[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
ip rip send version 2[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
ip rip receive version 2[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
duplex auto[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
speed auto[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]![/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]router rip[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
version 2[/size][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2]
network 192.16.1.0[/size][/font]
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[size=2][font=宋体]配置完[/font][font=Times New Roman]RIP-2[/font][font=宋体]后使用[/font][font=Times New Roman]show ip route[/font][font=宋体]检查可以看到路由没有被汇总，见例[/font][font=Times New Roman]4-6[/font][font=宋体]所示。[/font][/size]
[size=2][font=宋体]例[/font][font=Times New Roman]4-6 [/font][font=宋体]在[/font][font=Times New Roman]R1[/font][font=宋体]上[/font][font=Times New Roman]show ip route[/font][font=宋体]所得信息[/font][/size]
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128.200.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets[/size][/font]
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128.200.11.0 is directly connected, Loopback1[/size][/font]
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128.200.12.0 [120/1] via 128.200.1.2, 00:00:15, FastEthernet0/0[/size][/font]
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128.200.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0[/size][/font]
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192.16.1.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets[/size][/font]
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192.16.1.0 [120/1] via 128.200.1.2, 00:00:15, FastEthernet0/0[/size][/font]
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[size=2][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]另外[/size][/font][size=10.5pt]RIP-2[/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]还可以配置认证，保证路由信息的安全。[/size][/font][/size]
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